Introduction of  Arduino

1.What is an Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source platform that helps circuit developers to build electronic projects. It consists of both Hardware and Software. An Arduino Hardware is a programmable circuit board called a Microcontroller. Arduino Software is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) through which we write and upload the code to the microcontroller.

There are Various types of Arduino:-

1. Arduino Mega 

2. Arduino Uno

3. Arduino Nano

4. Arduino Micro

 Structure of an Arduino Program?

Sketch:- The Arduino Program is known as a Sketch.

The structure of an Arduino program consists of two main functions

Void setup( ):- In this, we initialize the variables,  pinModes, etc. The setup function is called after the sketch is started.

Void loop ( ):-It consists of the main code that you want your Arduino to run over and over again, like turning on/off led's, checking sensors, sending serial data, etc.

Let us know why only void is used?

We know that Void does not return any return value. On the other hand, if we used int it returns a return value.

Pin Diagram of an Arduino Uno Board?



 1. ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the ATmel family..

The processor code inside it is of 8-bit. It combines Memory (SRAM, EEPROM, and

Flash), Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers, timer,

external and internal interrupts, and oscillator.

2. ICSP pin - The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to program using the

firmware of the Arduino board.

3. Power LED Indicator- The ON status of LED shows the power is activated. When the

power is OFF, the LED will not light up.

4.Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW. The pins numbered

from D0 to D13 are digital pins.

5.TX and RX LED's- The successful flow of data is represented by the lighting of these

LED's.

6. AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference voltage to the

Arduino UNO board from the external power supply.

7. Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.

8. USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer. It is essential for the

programming of the Arduino UNO board.

9. Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which makes the

Arduino UNO a powerful board.

10. Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V.

11. GND- Ground pins. The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage.

12. Vin- It is the input voltage.

13. Analog Pins- The pins numbered from A0 to A5 are analog pins. The function of

Analog pins are used to read the analog sensor connected to the circuit.